Filtering by: Lecture

Teaching Manga, Anime, and Traditional Japanese Culture
Jan
31
4:30 PM16:30

Teaching Manga, Anime, and Traditional Japanese Culture

Drawing on lessons from a popular Penn course called “The Religion of Anime,” the first part of this lecture provides a brief overview of relationships between manga, anime, and older Japanese illustrated media such as Buddhist picture scrolls. The second part offers two hands-on lessons that teachers can reproduce in their own classrooms with minimal preparation.

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POSTPONED: Faking Liberties Book Talk
Mar
26
11:30 AM11:30

POSTPONED: Faking Liberties Book Talk

What does American religious freedom look like when it travels abroad? Who appears as a beneficiary of the religious freedom guarantee, and who does not? How does the civil liberty of religious freedom become a human right? This talk will answer these questions through an analysis of U.S. policies in occupied Japan at the end of WWII.

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Faking Liberties: Religious Freedom and the American Occupation of Japan
Feb
7
4:15 PM16:15

Faking Liberties: Religious Freedom and the American Occupation of Japan

  • Harvard University Reischauer Center (map)
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When Americans occupied Japan at the end of WWII, they claimed that Japanese religion was a political problem and declared religious freedom a solution. But in doing so, the occupiers ignored a long history of debate about religious freedom in Japan. Their narrative also masked competing interpretations among Americans themselves about was religion was and how it could be freed. This talk traces the lasting consequences of those debates, both for Japan and the world.

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Filling the "Spiritual Vacuum": The Educational Legacy of Occupation Reforms in Japan
Oct
25
1:00 PM13:00

Filling the "Spiritual Vacuum": The Educational Legacy of Occupation Reforms in Japan

Drawing on publications from the Japan Teachers’ Union, the Ministry of Education, and various political pressure organizations, this talk shows that the Occupation-era concept of the “spiritual vacuum” continued to shape debates over religious education, morality, and patriotism long after the occupiers left.

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From Mikadoism to Marie Kondo: A Media History of the American Reception of Japanese Religions
Sep
19
4:00 PM16:00

From Mikadoism to Marie Kondo: A Media History of the American Reception of Japanese Religions

How have American audiences understood Japanese religions? How did Japanese Buddhism transform from a type of un-American emperor worship practiced by unassimilable Japanese Americans to an artistic inspiration for Beat Generation authors? How did the word “Zen” become a long-running Daily Show comedic bit, an adjective for marketing merchandise, and a legitimate Scrabble play? Why did a popular Netflix show get American audiences suddenly talking positively about the “Shintō roots” of tidy closets in January 2019, and what historical factors allowed this usage to differ so much from WWII-era descriptions of Shintō as a religion of war? Examining newspaper articles, magazine spreads, martial arts films, television programs, and anime, this talk explores how Japanese and American people have collaboratively constructed images of Japanese contemplative and therapeutic practices that reinforce, challenge, and transcend the commonsense category of religion. 

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Japanese Buddhists and Religious Freedom
Apr
23
3:30 AM03:30

Japanese Buddhists and Religious Freedom

A widespread historical narrative suggests that Buddhists failed to defend religious freedom in prewar and wartime Japan. But religious freedom was not a universal principle that Buddhists failed to understand or protect. Rather, Japan’s 1889 constitutional guarantee of religious freedom enrolled Buddhists in the project of defining “real religion” in order to free it.

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Kyoto Asian Studies Group
Dec
10
4:00 AM04:00

Kyoto Asian Studies Group

Pedagogical Constitutionalism

Religious Activism, Educational Reform, and Legal Revision in Contemporary Japan

This presentation introduces pedagogical constitutionalism as a tool for understanding links between educational reform, religious activism, and recent attempts to revise Japan’s postwar constitution. I first briefly describe Occupation-era (1945–52) legal reforms in the arenas of religion and education before showing how the 2006 revision of the 1947 Fundamental Law on Education (FLE) served as a crucial test case for revising an Occupation-era law. I then analyze the Liberal Democratic Party’s (LDP) draft constitution of 2012, revealing the party’s presupposition that constitutions should tell people what to think and how to feel rather than simply reflecting abstract political ideals. Pairing various political groups’ recent pro-revision pamphlets with Ministry of Education materials explaining the newly revamped morality education curriculum, I then show how constitutional reform efforts and educational policy changes alike aim to foster particular affective dispositions such as pride. Ultimately, while I agree with the critics of revision that rendering constitutional law in the language of instruction makes it disturbingly easy to prioritize majoritarian claims over the rights of minorities, I also stress that pedagogical constitutionalism ironically re-instantiates the very aspects of the postwar constitution that proponents of revision aim to overcome. Furthermore, because political circumstances continually impede efforts to bring religion (or something like religion) “back” into Japanese public life, the alluring narrative of a return to Japan’s imperial past interferes with understanding the complicated and shifting relationships between subject formation, religious activism, and constitutional revision in contemporary Japan.

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Faking Liberties: Religious Freedom in American-Occupied Japan
Nov
13
2:30 AM02:30

Faking Liberties: Religious Freedom in American-Occupied Japan

Americans stationed in occupied Japan at the close of World War II claimed to be bringing religious freedom to a country where it did not exist. They described Japan’s 1889 constitutional guarantee of religious freedom as a fake, and they claimed to be implanting “real religious freedom” in its stead. But in making such claims, the occupiers overlooked inconvenient historical facts. Countering the victors’ narrative, Jolyon Thomas shows that Japanese people were actually involved in a robust debate about religious freedom for decades before the occupation began; he also demonstrates that the American occupiers were far less certain about how to define and protect religious freedom than their triumphalist rhetoric suggested. And whereas post-Occupation histories have commonly assumed that the occupiers introduced the human right of religious freedom to Japan, Thomas argues that the inherently transnational circumstances of military occupation prompted stakeholders to conceive religious freedom as a "human right" in the first place. Along the way, the occupiers and their Japanese counterparts collaboratively constructed a new technical vocabulary about “good” and “bad” religion. The categories they developed in the late 1940s still dictate how academics, journalists, and policymakers working today imagine who deserves religious freedom, what kinds of political practices infringe on religious liberty, and who bears responsibility for doing anything about it.

University of Vermont, Aiken Center 102. 

 
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